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Record Information
Version2.0
Creation Date2015-09-08 17:48:56 -0600
Update Date2015-09-14 16:46:05 -0600
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • ECMDB24069
Identification
Name:(R)-lipoic acid
DescriptionLipoic acid is a vitamin-like antioxidant that acts as a free-radical scavenger. Alpha-lipoic acid is also known as thioctic acid. Lipoic acid contains two thiol groups which may be either oxidized or reduced. The reduced form is known as dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA). Lipoic acid (Delta E= -0.288) is therefore capable of thiol-disulfide exchange, giving it antioxidant activity. Lipoate is a critical cofactor for aerobic metabolism, participating in the transfer of acyl or methylamine groups via the 2-Oxoacid dehydrogenase (2-OADH) or alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex. This enzyme catalyzes the conversion of alpha-ketoglutarate to succinyl CoA. This activity results in the catabolism of the branched chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine and valine). Lipoic acid also participates in the glycine cleavage system(GCV). The glycine cleavage system is a multi-enzyme complex that catalyzes the oxidation of glycine to form 5,10 methylene tetrahydrofolate, an important cofactor in nucleic acid synthesis. Since Lipoic acid is an essential cofactor for many enzyme complexes, it is essential for aerobic life as we know it. Lipoic acid was first postulated to be an effective antioxidant when it was found it prevented vitamin C and vitamin E deficiency. It is able to scavenge reactive oxygen species and reduce other metabolites, such as glutathione or vitamins, maintaining a healthy cellular redox state. Lipoic acid has been shown in cell culture experiments to increase cellular uptake of glucose by recruiting the glucose transporter GLUT4 to the cell membrane. (Wikipedia)
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms:
  • (R)-Lipoate
Chemical Formula:C8H14O2S2
Weight:Average: 206.326
Monoisotopic: 206.043521072
InChI Key:AGBQKNBQESQNJD-ZETCQYMHSA-N
InChI:InChI=1S/C8H14O2S2/c9-8(10)4-2-1-3-7-5-6-11-12-7/h7H,1-6H2,(H,9,10)/t7-/m0/s1
CAS number:Not Available
IUPAC Name:5-[(3S)-1,2-dithiolan-3-yl]pentanoic acid
Traditional IUPAC Name:S-LA
SMILES:[H][C@]1(CCCCC(O)=O)CCSS1
Chemical Taxonomy
Description belongs to the class of organic compounds known as lipoic acids and derivatives. Lipoic acids and derivatives are compounds containing a lipoic acid moiety (or a derivative thereof), which consists of a pentanoic acid (or derivative) attached to the C3 carbon atom of a 1,2-dithiolane ring.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganoheterocyclic compounds
ClassDithiolanes
Sub ClassLipoic acids and derivatives
Direct ParentLipoic acids and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Lipoic_acid_derivative
  • Medium-chain fatty acid
  • Heterocyclic fatty acid
  • Thia fatty acid
  • Fatty acyl
  • Fatty acid
  • 1,2-dithiolane
  • Organic disulfide
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Physical Properties
State:Not Available
Charge:-1
Melting point:Not Available
Experimental Properties:
PropertyValueSource
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.22 g/LALOGPS
logP2.75ALOGPS
logP2.11ChemAxon
logS-3ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)4.52ChemAxon
Physiological Charge-1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count2ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area37.3 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count5ChemAxon
Refractivity54.37 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability21.91 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings1ChemAxon
Bioavailability1ChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations:Cytoplasm
Reactions:
SMPDB Pathways:Not Available
KEGG Pathways:Not Available
EcoCyc Pathways:Not Available
Concentrations
Not Available
Spectra
Spectra:
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash Key
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-052r-0920000000-cf913d1d1afc04e5450cView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-0bti-5910000000-294c510229247ef63f20View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-0bvi-9600000000-f8f54eb79c5d4d5bef48View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-0a4i-0920000000-5a823a30dd1fb434e5b1View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-0kmu-1910000000-6f491a68afd82922e71bView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-0a4i-9200000000-330e4766f82ed571497bView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-0a4r-0970000000-0ae5b11a032d11c1ba6dView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-03di-1900000000-decf255617c1bbd69bfbView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-000i-6900000000-eb58a3d8135ba85d4283View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-0a4i-0190000000-014d2ea36cfae0726a9eView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-0a4i-5950000000-4e2dd5ccdcd5b0a936a0View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-0a59-9500000000-9bbbd7b252fb9a0b438dView in MoNA
References
References:Not Available
Synthesis Reference:Not Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
External Links:
ResourceLink
CHEBI ID43796
HMDB IDHMDB0014312
Pubchem Compound ID445125
Kegg IDNot Available
ChemSpider ID392857
Wikipedia IDLipoic_acid
BioCyc IDNot Available