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Glucosamine (M2MDB000406)

Record Information
Version2.0
Creation Date2012-05-31 13:53:46 -0600
Update Date2015-10-23 17:32:16 -0600
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • ECMDB01514
Identification
Name:Glucosamine
DescriptionGlucosamine (C6H14NO5) is an amino sugar that is an important precursor in the biochemical synthesis of glycosylated proteins and lipids. Glucosamine is one of the most abundant monosaccharides. (Wikipedia)
Structure
Thumb
MOLSDFPDBSMILESInChI
Synonyms:
  • 2-Amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose
  • 2-Amino-2-deoxy-D-Glucose
  • 2-Amino-2-deoxyglucose
  • 2-Aminoglucose
  • 2-Deoxy-2-amino-D-glucose
  • 2-Deoxy-2-aminoglucose
  • Chitosamine
  • Cosamin
  • D-(+)-Glucosamine
  • D-Glucosamine
  • Glucosamine
Chemical Formula:C6H13NO5
Weight:Average: 179.1711
Monoisotopic: 179.079372531
InChI Key:MSWZFWKMSRAUBD-IVMDWMLBSA-N
InChI:InChI=1S/C6H13NO5/c7-3-5(10)4(9)2(1-8)12-6(3)11/h2-6,8-11H,1,7H2/t2-,3-,4-,5-,6?/m1/s1
CAS number:3416-24-8
IUPAC Name:(3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-amino-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,4,5-triol
Traditional IUPAC Name:glucosamine
SMILES:N[C@H]1C(O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O
Chemical Taxonomy
Description belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hexoses. These are monosaccharides in which the sugar unit is a is a six-carbon containing moeity.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic oxygen compounds
ClassOrganooxygen compounds
Sub ClassCarbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates
Direct ParentHexoses
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Hexose monosaccharide
  • Amino saccharide
  • Oxane
  • 1,2-aminoalcohol
  • Hemiacetal
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Polyol
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Oxacycle
  • Primary amine
  • Primary alcohol
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Primary aliphatic amine
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Alcohol
  • Amine
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Physical Properties
State:Solid
Charge:1
Melting point:88 °C
Experimental Properties:
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility:330 mg/mL [HMP experimental]PhysProp
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility551 g/LALOGPS
logP-2.7ALOGPS
logP-3ChemAxon
logS0.49ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)11.73ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)8.23ChemAxon
Physiological Charge1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count6ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count5ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area116.17 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count1ChemAxon
Refractivity37.58 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability16.87 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings1ChemAxon
Bioavailability1ChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations:Cytoplasm
Reactions:
Phosphoenolpyruvic acid + Glucosamine > Glucosamine 6-phosphate + Pyruvic acid
Glucosamine + Phosphoenolpyruvic acid > Glucosamine 6-phosphate + Pyruvic acid
SMPDB Pathways:Not Available
KEGG Pathways:
  • Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism ec00520
  • Phosphotransferase system (PTS) ec02060
EcoCyc Pathways:Not Available
Concentrations
ConcentrationStrainMediaGrowth StatusGrowth SystemTemperatureDetails
19± 0 uMBW2511348 mM Na2HPO4, 22 mM KH2PO4, 10 mM NaCl, 45 mM (NH4)2SO4, supplemented with 1 mM MgSO4, 1 mg/l thiamine·HCl, 5.6 mg/l CaCl2, 8 mg/l FeCl3, 1 mg/l MnCl2·4H2O, 1.7 mg/l ZnCl2, 0.43 mg/l CuCl2·2H2O, 0.6 mg/l CoCl2·2H2O and 0.6 mg/l Na2MoO4·2H2O. 4 g/L GlucoStationary Phase, glucose limitedBioreactor, pH controlled, O2 and CO2 controlled, dilution rate: 0.2/h37 oCPMID: 17379776
Find out more about how we convert literature concentrations.
Spectra
Spectra:
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash Key
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-06tr-9300000000-7e2a89f48724cdda814cView in MoNA
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (4 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0ul9-9847700000-b4779809586433e7ec78View in MoNA
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-03di-4900000000-364d52fc6e7e423f52bbView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-00di-9000000000-762e016c89a40a9e3f49View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-00di-9000000000-bd04d561d78f2abad229View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-03di-9500000000-9bfc2897a4b66f71c7a1View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-0007-9000000000-f842b779439be8970cd9View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-074i-9000000000-622ec0743231c0cbaca6View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-03e9-9700000000-5087af92679b2640ba6cView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-0006-9000000000-b9ba212915cbdaed8628View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-0006-9000000000-2d1825b518f09745e036View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-03la-9100000000-3da7ee17d7512a59e3efView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-03e9-9400000000-cca17ef05a47a7be4d43View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-01x0-9500000000-5fbd02d318d3ec58f98bView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 30V, Positivesplash10-0abc-9000000000-11e86d324c183174364eView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 0V, Positivesplash10-001i-0900000000-3ba18bb57823024db64eView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-03e9-9500000000-52f44695a6cfb6459105View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-03di-9800000000-264ee54a99e01e0d4e30View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-00dl-9000000000-08f87dc3e44979542ca2View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-06r6-9000000000-635fa893be82ffdeca97View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 35V, Positivesplash10-03e9-9600000000-09232c8766303805f765View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-01q9-0900000000-4c88765919efa0ec2d2dView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-03ea-6900000000-301590fbe90692448d5eView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-052g-9100000000-d6a51790ce1df14a067aView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-002r-9400000000-e43a7a5cb44f6c461544View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-053r-9800000000-56b95ef43b164db5524dView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-052f-9000000000-1434c5ce1e9649c1cbf1View in MoNA
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
2D NMR[1H,1H] 2D NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
2D NMR[1H,13C] 2D NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
References
References:
  • Ishii, N., Nakahigashi, K., Baba, T., Robert, M., Soga, T., Kanai, A., Hirasawa, T., Naba, M., Hirai, K., Hoque, A., Ho, P. Y., Kakazu, Y., Sugawara, K., Igarashi, S., Harada, S., Masuda, T., Sugiyama, N., Togashi, T., Hasegawa, M., Takai, Y., Yugi, K., Arakawa, K., Iwata, N., Toya, Y., Nakayama, Y., Nishioka, T., Shimizu, K., Mori, H., Tomita, M. (2007). "Multiple high-throughput analyses monitor the response of E. coli to perturbations." Science 316:593-597. Pubmed: 17379776
  • Kanehisa, M., Goto, S., Sato, Y., Furumichi, M., Tanabe, M. (2012). "KEGG for integration and interpretation of large-scale molecular data sets." Nucleic Acids Res 40:D109-D114. Pubmed: 22080510
  • van der Werf, M. J., Overkamp, K. M., Muilwijk, B., Coulier, L., Hankemeier, T. (2007). "Microbial metabolomics: toward a platform with full metabolome coverage." Anal Biochem 370:17-25. Pubmed: 17765195
  • Winder, C. L., Dunn, W. B., Schuler, S., Broadhurst, D., Jarvis, R., Stephens, G. M., Goodacre, R. (2008). "Global metabolic profiling of Escherichia coli cultures: an evaluation of methods for quenching and extraction of intracellular metabolites." Anal Chem 80:2939-2948. Pubmed: 18331064
Synthesis Reference:Li, Nan; Li, Jiheng. Preparation of D-glucosamine hydrochloride. Zhongguo Yaoke Daxue Xuebao (1997), 28(1), 56-58.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Download (PDF)
External Links:
ResourceLink
CHEBI ID17315
HMDB IDHMDB01514
Pubchem Compound ID439213
Kegg IDC00329
ChemSpider ID388352
WikipediaGlucosamine
BioCyc IDGLUCOSAMINE
EcoCyc IDGLUCOSAMINE

Enzymes

Protein Details
1. Phosphoenolpyruvate-protein phosphotransferase
General function:
Involved in transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups
Specific function:
General (non sugar-specific) component of the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system (sugar PTS). This major carbohydrate active-transport system catalyzes the phosphorylation of incoming sugar substrates concomitantly with their translocation across the cell membrane. Enzyme I transfers the phosphoryl group from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to the phosphoryl carrier protein (HPr)
Gene Name:
ptsI
Uniprot ID:
P08839
Molecular weight:
63561
Reactions
Phosphoenolpyruvate + protein L-histidine = pyruvate + protein N(pi)-phospho-L-histidine.
Protein Details
2. PTS system mannose-specific EIIAB component
General function:
Involved in phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system
Specific function:
The phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system (sugar PTS), a major carbohydrate active -transport system, catalyzes the phosphorylation of incoming sugar substrates concomitantly with their translocation across the cell membrane. This system is involved in mannose transport
Gene Name:
manX
Uniprot ID:
P69797
Molecular weight:
35047
Reactions
Protein EIIA N(pi)-phospho-L-histidine + protein EIIB = protein EIIA + protein EIIB N(pi)-phospho-L-histidine/cysteine.
Protein EIIB N(pi)-phospho-L-histidine/cysteine + sugar = protein EIIB + sugar phosphate.
Protein Details
3. Mannose permease IIC component
General function:
Involved in phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system
Specific function:
The phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS), a major carbohydrate active -transport system, catalyzes the phosphorylation of incoming sugar substrates concomitant with their translocation across the cell membrane. This system is involved in mannose transport
Gene Name:
manY
Uniprot ID:
P69801
Molecular weight:
27636
Protein Details
4. Mannose permease IID component
General function:
Involved in phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system
Specific function:
The phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS), a major carbohydrate active -transport system, catalyzes the phosphorylation of incoming sugar substrates concomitant with their translocation across the cell membrane. This system is involved in mannose transport
Gene Name:
manZ
Uniprot ID:
P69805
Molecular weight:
31303
Protein Details
5. Phosphocarrier protein HPr
General function:
Involved in sugar:hydrogen symporter activity
Specific function:
General (non sugar-specific) component of the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system (sugar PTS). This major carbohydrate active-transport system catalyzes the phosphorylation of incoming sugar substrates concomitantly with their translocation across the cell membrane. The phosphoryl group from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) is transferred to the phosphoryl carrier protein HPr by enzyme I. Phospho-HPr then transfers it to the permease (enzymes II/III)
Gene Name:
ptsH
Uniprot ID:
P0AA04
Molecular weight:
9119
Reactions
Protein HPr N(pi)-phospho-L-histidine + protein EIIA = protein HPr + protein EIIA N(tau)-phospho-L-histidine.

Transporters

Protein Details
1. Mannose permease IIC component
General function:
Involved in phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system
Specific function:
The phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS), a major carbohydrate active -transport system, catalyzes the phosphorylation of incoming sugar substrates concomitant with their translocation across the cell membrane. This system is involved in mannose transport
Gene Name:
manY
Uniprot ID:
P69801
Molecular weight:
27636
Protein Details
2. Mannose permease IID component
General function:
Involved in phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system
Specific function:
The phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS), a major carbohydrate active -transport system, catalyzes the phosphorylation of incoming sugar substrates concomitant with their translocation across the cell membrane. This system is involved in mannose transport
Gene Name:
manZ
Uniprot ID:
P69805
Molecular weight:
31303
Protein Details
3. Outer membrane protein N
General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
Non-specific porin
Gene Name:
ompN
Uniprot ID:
P77747
Molecular weight:
41220
Protein Details
4. Outer membrane pore protein E
General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
Uptake of inorganic phosphate, phosphorylated compounds, and some other negatively charged solutes
Gene Name:
phoE
Uniprot ID:
P02932
Molecular weight:
38922
Protein Details
5. Outer membrane protein F
General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
OmpF is a porin that forms passive diffusion pores which allow small molecular weight hydrophilic materials across the outer membrane. It is also a receptor for the bacteriophage T2
Gene Name:
ompF
Uniprot ID:
P02931
Molecular weight:
39333
Protein Details
6. Outer membrane protein C
General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
Forms passive diffusion pores which allow small molecular weight hydrophilic materials across the outer membrane
Gene Name:
ompC
Uniprot ID:
P06996
Molecular weight:
40368