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Record Information
Version2.0
Creation Date2012-08-09 09:16:15 -0600
Update Date2015-09-13 12:56:16 -0600
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • ECMDB21442
Identification
Name:Palmitoleic acid
DescriptionPalmitoleic acid is a hexadecenoic acid (16 carbon chain) and a monounsaturated fatty acid with a C-C double bond at carbon 9. (Wikipedia) The double bond is normally in the cis or Z configuration. (ChEBI). E. coli is able to naturally synthesize palmitoleate through a series of enzyme-catalyzed steps. (EcoCyc)
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms:
  • (9Z)-Hexadecenoate
  • (9Z)-Hexadecenoic acid
  • (Z)-9-Hexadecenoate
  • (Z)-9-Hexadecenoic acid
  • (Z)-Hexadec-9-enoate
  • (Z)-Hexadec-9-enoic acid
  • 9-cis-Hexadecenoate
  • 9-cis-Hexadecenoic acid
  • 9-Hexadecenoate
  • 9-Hexadecenoic acid
  • Cis-9-Hexadecenoate
  • Cis-9-Hexadecenoic acid
  • cis-9-Palmitoleate
  • Cis-9-palmitoleic acid
  • Cis-delta-9-Hexadecenoate
  • Cis-delta-9-Hexadecenoic acid
  • Cis-Palmitoleate
  • Cis-Palmitoleic acid
  • cis-δ-9-Hexadecenoate
  • cis-δ-9-Hexadecenoic acid
  • Hexadecenoate
  • Hexadecenoic acid
  • Oleopalmitate
  • Oleopalmitic acid
  • Palmitoleate
  • Palmitoleate (16:1δ9)
  • Palmitoleic acid
  • Palmitoleic acid (16:1Δ9)
  • Zoomerate
  • Zoomeric acid
Chemical Formula:C16H30O2
Weight:Average: 254.4082
Monoisotopic: 254.224580204
InChI Key:SECPZKHBENQXJG-FPLPWBNLSA-N
InChI:InChI=1S/C16H30O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16(17)18/h7-8H,2-6,9-15H2,1H3,(H,17,18)/b8-7-
CAS number:373-49-9
IUPAC Name:(9Z)-hexadec-9-enoic acid
Traditional IUPAC Name:palmitoleic acid
SMILES:CCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O
Chemical Taxonomy
Description belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassLipids and lipid-like molecules
ClassFatty Acyls
Sub ClassFatty acids and conjugates
Direct ParentLong-chain fatty acids
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Long-chain fatty acid
  • Unsaturated fatty acid
  • Straight chain fatty acid
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Physical Properties
State:Liquid
Charge:-1
Melting point:-0.1 °C
Experimental Properties:
PropertyValueSource
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.00045 g/LALOGPS
logP6.71ALOGPS
logP5.89ChemAxon
logS-5.8ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)4.99ChemAxon
Physiological Charge-1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count2ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area37.3 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count13ChemAxon
Refractivity78.2 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability32.87 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings0ChemAxon
Bioavailability0ChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations:Membrane
Reactions:
SMPDB Pathways:Not Available
KEGG Pathways:Not Available
EcoCyc Pathways:Not Available
Concentrations
Not Available
Spectra
Spectra:
Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash Key
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (1 TMS)splash10-00nb-5900000000-90ab9a21246ad658bda0View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized)splash10-00mk-2900000000-6683cd8579813b4f1ebbView in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)splash10-00nb-5900000000-90ab9a21246ad658bda0View in MoNA
GC-MSGC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized)splash10-00nb-5900000000-90ab9a21246ad658bda0View in MoNA
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0006-8910000000-20fcd1fc2d9e095b2c24View in MoNA
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-00fr-9630000000-7eda678c0ecd65b2e479View in MoNA
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - ESI-TOF 10V, Negativesplash10-004i-0092000000-b8aabbdc61f9b89ac359View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - ESI-TOF 20V, Negativesplash10-004i-0092000000-b8aabbdc61f9b89ac359View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - ESI-TOF , Negativesplash10-004i-0092000000-b8aabbdc61f9b89ac359View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - ESI-TOF 10V, Negativesplash10-0udi-0090000000-993c95f96e1ca69a41c0View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - ESI-TOF 20V, Negativesplash10-0udi-0090000000-e72ac58f23bacbf37344View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - ESI-TOF 10V, Negativesplash10-0udi-0090000000-d1585cc46cbce84a0506View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - ESI-TOF , Negativesplash10-0udi-0091000000-fd89101236e85a2d9154View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativesplash10-0udi-0090000000-35027c88ff732ff74b4cView in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativesplash10-0udi-0090000000-3cac469ac1efde0a3543View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativesplash10-0udi-0090000000-e5833c7aa4795570bdc4View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativesplash10-0udi-9090000000-909ebad9120d01bf8e79View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negativesplash10-004j-9000000000-fb5a2e21c48a7d72aac8View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-IT , negativesplash10-0udi-0090000000-09c91b61deabc72625f3View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-TOF , negativesplash10-0udi-0090000000-993c95f96e1ca69a41c0View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-TOF , negativesplash10-0udi-0090000000-e72ac58f23bacbf37344View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - n/a 17V, positivesplash10-000i-0490000000-472e6cf8ba7a80f708b8View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Orbitrap 1V, positivesplash10-0a4i-0090000000-3c6c13dcd5649fd90845View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Orbitrap 2V, positivesplash10-0a4i-0090000000-e5cccbc8340bb0dce9d3View in MoNA
LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Orbitrap 3V, positivesplash10-0a4i-2490000000-1dbd141e66d6e7a165aeView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-052r-0090000000-202819132f83589a248bView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positivesplash10-0a4s-7790000000-ff129e0c7cc2a7e4cf19View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positivesplash10-052f-9600000000-749f09fec19d95c21683View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negativesplash10-0udi-0090000000-5005f244d7d1c3502c3eView in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negativesplash10-0zg0-1090000000-cac7fce9a75b0f1abd63View in MoNA
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negativesplash10-0a4l-9320000000-2e782c63ccf72afe9be9View in MoNA
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR13C NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
1D NMR1H NMR SpectrumNot AvailableView in JSpectraViewer
References
References:
  • Ho RC, Davy KP, Hickey MS, Summers SA, Melby CL: Behavioral, metabolic, and molecular correlates of lower insulin sensitivity in Mexican-Americans. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Oct;283(4):E799-808. Pubmed: 12217898
  • Hori Y, Nakamura K, Yamamoto M, Shimada K, Nakadaira H, Shibuya N, Endoh K, Ogoshi K: Determination of free fatty acids in human bile by high-performance liquid chromatography. Ann Clin Biochem. 1998 Mar;35 ( Pt 2):279-82. Pubmed: 9547901
  • Katsuta Y, Iida T, Inomata S, Denda M: Unsaturated fatty acids induce calcium influx into keratinocytes and cause abnormal differentiation of epidermis. J Invest Dermatol. 2005 May;124(5):1008-13. Pubmed: 15854043
  • Prandota J: Clinical pharmacology of antibiotics and other drugs in cystic fibrosis. Drugs. 1988 May;35(5):542-78. Pubmed: 3293970
  • Rossner S, Walldius G, Bjorvell H: Fatty acid composition in serum lipids and adipose tissue in severe obesity before and after six weeks of weight loss. Int J Obes. 1989;13(5):603-12. Pubmed: 2583914
  • Sreekumar A, Poisson LM, Rajendiran TM, Khan AP, Cao Q, Yu J, Laxman B, Mehra R, Lonigro RJ, Li Y, Nyati MK, Ahsan A, Kalyana-Sundaram S, Han B, Cao X, Byun J, Omenn GS, Ghosh D, Pennathur S, Alexander DC, Berger A, Shuster JR, Wei JT, Varambally S, Beecher C, Chinnaiyan AM: Metabolomic profiles delineate potential role for sarcosine in prostate cancer progression. Nature. 2009 Feb 12;457(7231):910-4. Pubmed: 19212411
  • Thiele I, Swainston N, Fleming RM, Hoppe A, Sahoo S, Aurich MK, Haraldsdottir H, Mo ML, Rolfsson O, Stobbe MD, Thorleifsson SG, Agren R, Bolling C, Bordel S, Chavali AK, Dobson P, Dunn WB, Endler L, Hala D, Hucka M, Hull D, Jameson D, Jamshidi N, Jonsson JJ, Juty N, Keating S, Nookaew I, Le Novere N, Malys N, Mazein A, Papin JA, Price ND, Selkov E Sr, Sigurdsson MI, Simeonidis E, Sonnenschein N, Smallbone K, Sorokin A, van Beek JH, Weichart D, Goryanin I, Nielsen J, Westerhoff HV, Kell DB, Mendes P, Palsson BO: A community-driven global reconstruction of human metabolism. Nat Biotechnol. 2013 Mar 3. doi: 10.1038/nbt.2488. Pubmed: 23455439
  • van der Werf, M. J., Overkamp, K. M., Muilwijk, B., Coulier, L., Hankemeier, T. (2007). "Microbial metabolomics: toward a platform with full metabolome coverage." Anal Biochem 370:17-25. Pubmed: 17765195
  • Yli-Jama P, Haugen TS, Rebnord HM, Ringstad J, Pedersen JI: Selective mobilisation of fatty acids from human adipose tissue. Eur J Intern Med. 2001 Apr;12(2):107-115. Pubmed: 11297913
  • Yurtsever D. (2007). Fatty acid methyl ester profiling of Enterococcus and Esherichia coli for microbial source tracking. M.sc. Thesis. Villanova University: U.S.A
Synthesis Reference:Not Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Download (PDF)
External Links:
ResourceLink
CHEBI ID28716
HMDB IDHMDB03229
Pubchem Compound ID445638
Kegg IDC08362
ChemSpider ID393216
WikipediaPalmitoleic acid
BioCyc IDCPD-9245
EcoCyc IDCPD-9245
Ligand ExpoPAM

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in transferase activity
Specific function:
Malonyl-CoA + [acyl-carrier-protein] = CoA + malonyl-[acyl-carrier-protein]
Gene Name:
fabD
Uniprot ID:
P0AAI9
Molecular weight:
32417
Reactions
Malonyl-CoA + [acyl-carrier-protein] = CoA + malonyl-[acyl-carrier-protein].
General function:
Involved in transferase activity, transferring acyl groups
Specific function:
Plays a role in lysophospholipid acylation. Transfers fatty acids to the 1-position via an enzyme-bound acyl-ACP intermediate in the presence of ATP and magnesium. Its physiological function is to regenerate phosphatidylethanolamine from 2-acyl-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (2-acyl-GPE) formed by transacylation reactions or degradation by phospholipase A1
Gene Name:
aas
Uniprot ID:
P31119
Molecular weight:
80699
Reactions
Acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] + O-(2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)ethanolamine = [acyl-carrier-protein] + O-(1-beta-acyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho)ethanolamine.
ATP + an acid + [acyl-carrier-protein] = AMP + diphosphate + acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein].
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Catalyzes the esterification, concomitant with transport, of exogenous long-chain fatty acids into metabolically active CoA thioesters for subsequent degradation or incorporation into phospholipids
Gene Name:
fadD
Uniprot ID:
P69451
Molecular weight:
62332
Reactions
ATP + a long-chain fatty acid + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + an acyl-CoA.
General function:
Involved in fatty acid biosynthetic process
Specific function:
Carrier of the growing fatty acid chain in fatty acid biosynthesis
Gene Name:
acpP
Uniprot ID:
P0A6A8
Molecular weight:
8640